Environmental Ethics in Islam: Human Responsibility towards the Universe

Abstract

The Qur’an and Sunnah emphasize humanity’s role as stewards (khulafā’) of the earth, entrusted with the responsibility to preserve balance (mīzān) and protect the environment. Environmental ethics in Islam is not limited to resource management but is grounded in the recognition of nature as a divine trust (amānah) and a sign of God’s greatness. This paper explores Islamic principles of environmental ethics, highlighting the values of moderation, prohibition of waste (isrāf), conservation of natural resources, and compassion for all living beings. Drawing from Qur’anic verses and Prophetic traditions, the study examines the theological and ethical foundations of human responsibility towards the universe. It also discusses the relevance of these principles in addressing contemporary ecological challenges such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution. By integrating Islamic teachings with modern environmental discourse, the research demonstrates that Islam provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable living and ecological harmony, urging humanity to fulfill its divine duty as guardians of creation.