Islamic Cosmology and the Scientific Understanding of the Universe: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Islamic cosmology, rooted in the Qur’an and classical Islamic scholarship, presents a comprehensive vision of the universe as a sign (āyah) of God’s majesty and wisdom. While modern science explains the cosmos through empirical observation and theoretical models such as the Big Bang and cosmic expansion, Islamic cosmology views the universe as a purposeful creation, governed by divine order and balance. This paper conducts a comparative study between Islamic cosmological perspectives and contemporary scientific understandings of the universe. It explores Qur’anic references to creation, the heavens, celestial bodies, and the phenomenon of expansion, alongside scientific findings in astrophysics and cosmology. The study highlights areas of convergence, such as the Qur’anic reference to the heavens and earth once being joined together, and areas of distinction, particularly concerning metaphysical meaning and divine purpose. The research concludes that integrating Islamic cosmology with scientific inquiry enriches both spiritual and intellectual understanding, offering a holistic worldview that bridges faith and reason.