Science and Religion: The Relationship between Islamic Teachings and Modern Cosmology

Abstract

This article explores the relationship between Islamic teachings and modern cosmology, emphasizing how faith and reason coexist in Islamic thought. Islamic cosmology, deeply rooted in the Quran and Hadith, offers profound insights into the creation and structure of the universe, aligning in many ways with modern scientific discoveries. Concepts such as the expansion of the universe, the Big Bang, and the intricate order of the cosmos find resonance within the Quranic verses, suggesting that science and religion are not inherently at odds but can complement each other.

Islamic scholars have historically contributed to the field of astronomy and cosmology, from the Golden Age of Islamic civilization to modern times, demonstrating an openness to scientific inquiry. The Quran encourages reflection upon the natural world as a means of understanding the Creator's power and wisdom, viewing the universe as a series of signs (Ayat) that lead believers towards deeper faith. Modern cosmological theories, including those regarding the origins of the universe and its expansion, are seen as validations of divine knowledge rather than contradictions.

The article delves into how Islamic teachings on Tawhid (the oneness of God) emphasize the interconnectedness and harmony of creation, paralleling scientific discoveries of the fine-tuning of the universe. It further discusses the importance of ethical considerations in scientific endeavours, as Islamic thought mandates the responsible use of knowledge to benefit humanity and preserve the Earth.

By engaging with both faith and science, Islamic perspectives on cosmology present a holistic worldview where spiritual understanding and empirical knowledge are integrated, encouraging believers to seek knowledge and understanding of the universe while remaining grounded in religious principles.