Ocean Governance and Climate Change: Legal Responses to Rising Sea Levels and Marine Biodiversity Loss

Abstract

As the effects of climate change intensify, ocean governance faces unprecedented challenges, particularly concerning rising sea levels and the loss of marine biodiversity. This paper examines the legal frameworks and governance mechanisms designed to address these pressing issues, highlighting the role of international law, regional agreements, and national policies. Rising sea levels pose significant threats to coastal communities, ecosystems, and the livelihoods that depend on them. In response, various legal instruments, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Paris Agreement, have been implemented to facilitate cooperative strategies among nations. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the effectiveness of these frameworks in promoting sustainable practices and safeguarding marine biodiversity, which is critical for maintaining ecosystem services and resilience. The role of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) and marine spatial planning (MSP) in enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change impacts is also discussed. By evaluating case studies from different regions, the paper underscores the necessity for adaptive legal responses that can evolve with the changing dynamics of climate change. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on ocean governance by providing insights into effective legal strategies and collaborative approaches to mitigate the impacts of climate change on marine environments and coastal communities. The findings highlight the need for stronger international cooperation, innovative legal frameworks, and the integration of scientific research into policy-making to ensure the sustainable management of ocean resources in the face of climate change.