Climate-Related Migration and Displacement: Legal Protections for 'Climate Refugees

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a significant driver of migration and displacement, prompting the emergence of a new category of vulnerable populations often referred to as "climate refugees." This paper explores the legal frameworks currently in place to address the needs and rights of individuals displaced by climate-related events, examining both international and domestic legal protections. It highlights the limitations of existing refugee law, particularly the 1951 Refugee Convention, which fails to adequately encompass those fleeing environmental degradation and climate-induced disasters. The analysis further delves into various regional agreements and national policies that seek to provide some measure of protection for climate refugees. Additionally, this study discusses the role of international organizations and non-governmental entities in advocating for the rights of these individuals, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach that combines legal recognition with sustainable solutions. By reviewing case studies from affected regions, this paper underscores the urgent need for innovative legal frameworks and cooperative international responses to effectively address the complex challenges posed by climate-related migration and displacement. Ultimately, the findings advocate for the integration of climate considerations into migration policies, fostering resilience and adaptability in the face of an evolving climate crisis.