Exploring the Role of Epigenetics in Gene Regulation: Implications for Development and Disease

Abstract

Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence, has emerged as a pivotal field in understanding the intricate mechanisms governing cellular development and disease. This review delves into the key epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation, and their profound impact on gene expression. We explore how these mechanisms orchestrate cellular differentiation, tissue development, and organismal growth. Furthermore, we examine the role of epigenetic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. By elucidating the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors, we aim to shed light on the potential therapeutic applications of targeting epigenetic modifications for disease prevention and treatment.