AI and Robotics in Surgery: A STEM-Centered Evaluation of Efficiency and Safety
Parole chiave:
Artificial Intelligence in surgery, robotic surgery efficiency, surgical robotics safety, STEM and healthcare technology, AI-assisted operations, minimally invasive surgery, biomedical engineering in surgery, real-time surgical AI, patient outcome optimization, robotic systems in operating rooms.Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics in surgery represents a transformative leap in the medical field, offering unparalleled precision, consistency, and enhanced decision-making capabilities. This STEM-centered evaluation critically examines the efficiency and safety aspects of AI-assisted and robotic surgeries compared to conventional procedures. Robotic systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, enable minimally invasive operations with improved dexterity, tremor filtration, and high-definition 3D visualization, significantly reducing complications and recovery times. AI algorithms contribute to preoperative planning, real-time intraoperative guidance, and postoperative outcome prediction, thereby enhancing surgical accuracy and patient-specific care. This synergy has shown to reduce human error, shorten hospital stays, and improve long-term outcomes. However, challenges such as system cost, ethical concerns, data privacy, and the need for standardized regulatory frameworks persist. Additionally, there are questions surrounding machine learning transparency, surgeon training requirements, and liability in case of procedural failure. Despite these concerns, current evidence underscores the growing safety and efficiency of AI and robotics in surgical contexts, especially in complex specialties such as neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, and orthopedics. Through a multidisciplinary lens involving engineering, computer science, and biomedical research, this paper highlights the ongoing evolution of surgical robotics and AI integration. The findings suggest a promising future where AI and robotics not only support surgeons but also drive new surgical paradigms aimed at maximizing patient outcomes and minimizing risks. Continued innovation and cross-disciplinary collaboration are essential to fully realize the benefits of this technology while addressing its limitations. This study emphasizes the importance of a balanced, ethical, and scientifically grounded approach to the adoption of AI and robotic systems in the surgical domain.
