The Role of Nutrition in Cancer Prevention and Recovery: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Nutrition and cancer, dietary prevention, cancer recovery, antioxidants, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, personalized nutrition, plant-based diets, immune function, cancer treatment support.Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with growing evidence highlighting the critical role of nutrition in both prevention and recovery. Diet influences cancer risk through mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications (World Cancer Research Fund, 2018). A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins has been associated with a reduced risk of various cancers, while excessive consumption of processed foods, red meats, and sugars contributes to carcinogenesis (Giovannucci et al., 2010). Phytochemicals, antioxidants, and dietary fiber play a protective role by modulating immune function, reducing oxidative damage, and promoting cellular repair (Aune et al., 2017).
During cancer treatment and recovery, adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining muscle mass, supporting immune function, and mitigating treatment-related side effects such as cachexia and fatigue (Rock et al., 2020). Micronutrients, including vitamins D, C, and E, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes (Fedirko et al., 2011). Additionally, personalized nutrition plans tailored to an individual’s metabolic needs and treatment regimen can optimize recovery and overall quality of life (Schwedhelm et al., 2016). Emerging research also suggests the potential benefits of plant-based diets and intermittent fasting in improving metabolic health and reducing cancer recurrence (Longo & Panda, 2016).
This systematic review underscores the importance of integrating evidence-based nutritional strategies into cancer prevention and recovery protocols. Future research should focus on clinical trials exploring the synergistic effects of diet and conventional therapies. A multidisciplinary approach, involving oncologists, nutritionists, and public health policymakers, is necessary to develop comprehensive dietary guidelines for cancer patients and at-risk populations.
