Social Determinants of Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors

Abstract

This comprehensive review examines the social determinants of oral health, focusing on the interplay between socioeconomic and environmental factors. Oral health is increasingly recognized as a vital component of overall health, influenced by a range of social determinants that extend beyond individual behavior. This study highlights key socioeconomic variables, including income, education, and occupation, that contribute to disparities in oral health outcomes. Furthermore, it explores environmental factors, such as access to dental care, neighborhood characteristics, and the availability of healthy food options, which significantly impact oral health. The review synthesizes current literature, emphasizing the role of social inequalities and their implications for public health policy. By addressing these determinants, it underscores the necessity for a holistic approach to oral health promotion that incorporates social and environmental considerations. This review also identifies gaps in existing research and suggests directions for future studies, including the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate social science perspectives into oral health research. Ultimately, understanding the complex relationship between social determinants and oral health is essential for developing effective interventions aimed at reducing health disparities and improving overall health outcomes.