Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer

Abstract

Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation process, plays a complex and context-dependent role in cancer development and progression. In early stages, autophagy acts as a tumor suppressor, eliminating damaged organelles and promoting genomic stability. However, in advanced cancers, autophagy can promote tumor growth and metastasis by providing nutrients and energy, resisting stress, and evading immune surveillance. This dual role of autophagy presents both challenges and opportunities for cancer therapy. Targeting autophagy pathways, either by inhibiting or enhancing its activity, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy in cancer cells is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions.