Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare (MJH)
type: channel
description: Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare (MJH) invites scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse fields to submit their original research, reviews, case studies, and perspectives for publication in our esteemed multidisciplinary journal.MJH is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding in all areas of medicine and healthcare. We provide a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research that contributes to the improvement of healthcare practices, policies, and outcomes.
publisher: Research Corridor
language: en
publication name: Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare (MJH)
issn: 3078-3003
items: A Graph Theory Approach to Modeling the Spread of Health Misinformation in Aging Populations on Social Media Platforms.
items: Operational Efficiency Meets Safety: Leveraging Industrial Management Principles to Strengthen EHS Performance
items: Data Analytics Approach to Population Health Segmentation
items: SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATION FOR SECURE POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH: BALANCING PRIVACY, UTILITY, AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
items: The Role of Technology in Enhancing Domiciliary Care: A Review of Strategies for Reducing Healthcare Costs and Improving Safety for Aged Adults and Carers
items: Exploring the Nexus of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health Sciences for Sustainable Wellbeing
items: Healthcare Beyond Boundaries: Advances in Clinical Practice, Policy, and Research
items: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Patient-Centered Care and Public Health Innovation
items: Integrative Approaches to Global Healthcare: Bridging Medicine, Technology, and Society
items: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Patient Safety among Undergraduate Medical Students of IIMC
items: “Early Diagnosis of Blood Cancer Using Deep Learning: An Evaluation of CNN, SVM, and Random Forest”
items: The ROI of Data Security: How Hospitals and Health Systems Can Turn Compliance into Competitive Advantage
items: Factors related to cervical cancer in developing countries such as Pakistan
items: A state-of-the-art review on thyroid problems, gastrointestinal and liver malfunction
items: Pancreatic Mixed Neuroendocrine Non Neuroendocrine Neoplasm, a rare malignancy, co-existing with Prostatic Carcinoma: A Case Report.
items: Integrating Telemedicine into Routine Healthcare Benefits and Challenges
items: Exploring Bioethics in Clinical Decision-Making: Balancing Autonomy and Care
items: Evaluating Health Policy Changes: Impact on Access and Equity in Healthcare Systems
items: The Impact of Health Informatics on Patient Safety and Quality of Care
items: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Clinical Medicine
items: Medical Education Innovations: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes
items: The Role of Community Health Workers in Promoting Health Equity
items: Global Health Initiatives: Addressing Health Disparities in Low-Income Countries
items: Sustainable Healthcare Practices: Environmental Impacts and Economic Implication
items: Assessing the Impact of Digital Health Technologies on Chronic Disease Management
items: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Early Disease Detection: Transforming Diagnostics and Treatment
items: The Impact of Mobile Health Apps on Chronic Disease Management
items: Patient-Centered Care Models: Success Stories and Challenges
items: Patient Safety and Quality Improvement: Reducing Medical Errors in Healthcare
items: Integrating Mental Health Service in Primary Care: Challenges and Opportunities

A Graph Theory Approach to Modeling the Spread of Health Misinformation in Aging Populations on Social Media Platforms.
type: item
description: Objective: The exponential growth of online social-media platforms has been accompanied by a growing concern over health misinformation among aging populations who are often digital immigrants or lack media literacy/critical skills. Older adults are among the highest consumers of online health information to seek medical advice or self-management guidance for illness prevention and wellness. Misinformation exposure, especially for medical decisions on health crises or chronic conditions, can lead to health-damaging behavior and is a public health concern (eg, anti-vaccine movements, COVID-19 misinformation, herbal “cures”). Current epidemiological models do not fully reflect the network dynamics of misinformation diffusion. The research presents a novel graph-theoretic modeling approach that characterizes the process of health misinformation diffusion through social-media platforms among aging users. Methods: The study models social networks as a graph (G) with users as nodes (n) and social interactions such as shares, comments, or likes as edges (e). Graph theory and network analysis are used to calculate properties such as degree, betweenness, clustering coefficient, and eigenvector centrality to identify key spreaders and susceptible clusters. A susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) diffusion model from epidemiology is mapped onto the graph to simulate misinformation spread across different network topologies and user interaction patterns. Variables such as trust level, confirmation bias, and fact-checking frequency are included to model the probability of misinformation adoption and sharing. The data was extracted from public Twitter (X) and Facebook public feeds on COVID-19, diet supplements, and disease self-management filtered by an algorithm for an aging audience. The model is calibrated and validated with actual misinformation cases and Bayesian inference to estimate transmission probabilities. Results: The simulation shows that health misinformatio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Graph Theory; Health Misinformation; Aging Populations; Social Media Networks; eHealth Literacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Oritsemeyiwa Gabriel Orugboh``
creator: Adaeze Ezeogu
creator: Omolara Oluseun Juba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare (MJH)
date: 2025-08-10
publication date: 2025-08-10
starting page: 145
ending page: 173

Operational Efficiency Meets Safety: Leveraging Industrial Management Principles to Strengthen EHS Performance
type: item
description: Background: The operational efficiency objectives of industrial enterprises often conflict with their environmental, health, and safety performance. However, in recent years, there is evidence that safety and productivity are not contradictory if they are integrated into the organization's management system. This paper addresses the issue of applying industrial management principles to achieve operational efficiency and environmental, health, and safety performance, including lean management, total quality management, and proactive safety culture. The paper provides an overview of how the main principles of industrial management can be used to improve both productivity and environmental, health, and safety performance. Methodology: A study examining the application of industrial management principles to enhance both operational efficiency and environmental, health, and safety performance was conducted using a systematic literature review and thematic synthesis approach. The research involved a comprehensive search of academic databases, case studies, and industry reports. Insights from organizational psychology, risk management, and systems engineering were also integrated to provide a multidisciplinary perspective. The aim was to evaluate how managerial practices, safety systems, and organizational culture interact with workplace safety and environmental, health, and safety performance. A mixed-methods approach was employed to ensure a balanced understanding of both quantitative safety metrics and qualitative cultural factors. Results: The findings from the review and analysis indicate that leadership commitment, worker participation, and effective safety management systems are critical factors in reducing incidents and enhancing resilience. Organizations that integrate safety into their core business processes tend to have higher competitiveness, lower accident rates, and improved reputational capital. The synthesis highlights the role of psychological safety in e…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Operational Efficiency, Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS), Industrial Management Principles, Lean and Total Quality Management (TQM), Safety Culture and Leadership Commitment, Psychological Safety and Worker Engagement.
creator: Kazeem Abiodun Adekunle
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-30
publication date: 2025-03-30
starting page: 114
ending page: 144

Data Analytics Approach to Population Health Segmentation
type: item
description: This study investigated the segmentation of the population's health using data analytics. It looked at how population health segments were identified, how care was measured for those segments, and how the proper people were given care. It covered how data analytics was applied to care management, socioeconomic determinants of health, and predicting where health resources should be allocated. Patients with the highest risk of disease were identified, clinical treatment decisions were supported, patient identification accuracy and speed were improved, expenses were decreased, preventative measures were promoted, and medical research was supported through data analytics. This research used Sander's notion of onions to understand the technique of understanding the appropriate methodological choice, philosophy, theory creation, and data collection procedures to understand the influence of data-driven approaches to population health segmentation. The survival rate of Covid-19 patients was predicted using Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression models. Qualitative data analysis was also carried out to comprehend the factors influencing the application of data-driven population health segmentation approaches, the role of ineffective healthcare and service delivery, benefits, barriers, and strategies to develop and improve data-driven population health segmentation. The findings revealed
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: population health segmentation, data analytics, healthcare management, predictive modeling, COVID-19, survival prediction.
  topic: keywords
creator: Adaeze Ezeogu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 113

SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATION FOR SECURE POPULATION HEALTH RESEARCH: BALANCING PRIVACY, UTILITY, AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
type: item
description: The balance of population health research with patient privacy is a growing bottleneck in healthcare innovation. This paper proposes a scalable solution to advance research with guarantees of privacy and data utility: synthetic healthcare datasets. We introduce a machine learning framework to generate high-quality synthetic healthcare data with both statistical and mathematical privacy guarantees. These datasets are generated from a model of a real population without using any real patient data, providing an option to perform analytics without needing to access patient data directly. We describe a hybrid Variational Autoencoder-Generative Adversarial Network (VAE-GAN) framework with differential privacy (DP), uniquely constructed for the challenges and structures of healthcare data (mixed types, temporality, complex correlations). Our solution is built with "medical constraint layers" that respect the natural rules of healthcare (e.g., a male cannot be pregnant) and preserve population statistics. We validate this method on our prior population health segmentation research and found that our synthetic data has 96.7% utility to the real data (across 15 epidemiological metrics) with (ε=1.0, δ=10^-5)-DP. The VAE-GAN-DP solution successfully preserves critical relations: disease comorbidities (r=0.94), population disparities (KL divergence < 0.02), and natural progression of diseases over time (DTW distance < 0.05). We showcase synthetic data research in three case studies: (1) conducting published population health studies with synthetic data only, with 94% of the original results replicated; (2) training machine learning models on synthetic data that performed within 2.3% of the models trained on the real data; and (3) performing cross-institutional population health studies, for which data sharing was previously impossible due to privacy concerns. We also provide a regulatory review of synthetic data in U.S. healthcare (HIPAA Safe Harbor method is one of the ways to …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Synthetic data generation, Privacy-preserving research, Differential privacy, Healthcare GANs, Population health analytics, HIPAA compliance, Data utility metrics, Secure data sharing
  topic: keywords
creator: Adaeze Ojinika Ezeogu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-10
publication date: 2025-03-10
starting page: 51
ending page: 92

The Role of Technology in Enhancing Domiciliary Care: A Review of Strategies for Reducing Healthcare Costs and Improving Safety for Aged Adults and Carers
type: item
description: Chronic diseases are on the rise worldwide, and populations are ageing at an unprecedented rate, putting increasing pressure on healthcare systems. Domiciliary care (care at home) has become an essential alternative to traditional healthcare settings, allowing individuals to access the care they need without having to leave their homes. This paper reviews the literature on how technology can support domiciliary care, particularly for older adults. The aim is to identify and assess technologies that can improve patient safety, reduce caregiver burden, and lower healthcare costs. The paper discusses a range of technologies, including telehealth platforms, remote monitoring devices, assistive technologies, and smart home systems. These technologies can support a variety of functions, including remote consultations, medication reminders, fall detection, and real-time communication between patients, carers, and healthcare professionals. The paper argues that the strategic implementation of these technologies in domiciliary care can help to reduce hospital readmissions, shorten inpatient stays, and prevent avoidable health crises. The paper uses a literature review and case studies to highlight the economic and social benefits of technology-enabled home care. It also considers the ethical, data privacy, and accessibility challenges associated with widespread adoption, advocating for the design of user-friendly and accessible technology solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Domiciliary care, Technology-enabled care, Telehealth, Remote patient monitoring, Elderly care
  topic: keywords
creator: Omolara Oluseun Juba1,
creator: Abimbola F. Olumide2,
creator: Juba Idowu David3,
creator: Kazeem Abiodun Adekunle4,
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-04-10
publication date: 2024-04-10
starting page: 99
ending page: 119

Exploring the Nexus of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health Sciences for Sustainable Wellbeing
type: item
description: The pursuit of sustainable wellbeing requires a cohesive and multidisciplinary approach that bridges medicine, nursing, and allied health sciences. This paper investigates the interconnected roles of healthcare professionals in shaping holistic patient outcomes and resilient health systems. By integrating medical expertise with nursing care and allied health interventions, the study highlights the significance of collaborative practice in addressing both acute and chronic health challenges. Attention is given to patient-centered models, interprofessional education, and innovative care delivery systems that foster long-term health equity. Additionally, the paper explores how evidence-based practices, policy integration, and culturally sensitive approaches can promote sustainable wellbeing at both individual and community levels. The findings affirm that a collaborative healthcare ecosystem, rooted in multidisciplinary engagement, is essential for advancing quality care and achieving sustainable health goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Wellbeing; Multidisciplinary Healthcare; Medicine; Nursing; Allied Health Sciences; Interprofessional Collaboration; Patient-Centered Models; Health Equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Hina Rauf
creator: Dr. Christopher Allen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-01-10
publication date: 2024-01-10
starting page: 40
ending page: 50

Healthcare Beyond Boundaries: Advances in Clinical Practice, Policy, and Research
type: item
description: Healthcare is increasingly transcending traditional boundaries through innovations in clinical practice, evolving health policies, and interdisciplinary research. This paper explores the dynamic relationship between clinical advancements, evidence-based policymaking, and cutting-edge research that collectively shape the future of healthcare systems. Special attention is given to the integration of global health strategies, emerging medical technologies, and patient-centered approaches that enhance accessibility and quality of care. The discussion highlights how cross-border collaborations, telehealth, and international health policy frameworks are driving systemic improvements and promoting equity. Furthermore, the study underscores the role of multidisciplinary research in addressing healthcare disparities and strengthening resilience against global health crises. The findings advocate for a boundaryless approach to healthcare, emphasizing inclusivity, innovation, and adaptability as core principles for sustainable development in the health sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clinical Practice; Healthcare Policy; Global Health; Interdisciplinary Research; Telehealth; Patient-Centered Approaches; Equity; Sustainable Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sana Iqbal
creator: Dr. Michael Rodriguez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-01-10
publication date: 2024-01-10
starting page: 30
ending page: 39

Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Patient-Centered Care and Public Health Innovation
type: item
description: Patient-centered care and public health innovation have emerged as central themes in the transformation of modern healthcare systems. This paper provides a multidisciplinary analysis of how patient engagement, technological advancement, and policy frameworks collectively contribute to the improvement of health outcomes. By integrating perspectives from medicine, nursing, health informatics, and social sciences, the study emphasizes the importance of tailoring healthcare to individual needs while maintaining population-wide equity. Key areas of focus include the role of digital platforms in patient education, the impact of evidence-based policymaking on public health interventions, and the potential of interdisciplinary collaboration to foster sustainable healthcare models. The findings suggest that bridging clinical practice with community health strategies and policy innovation can enhance patient satisfaction, reduce disparities, and create resilient health systems capable of responding to evolving global challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient-Centered Care; Public Health Innovation; Interdisciplinary Collaboration; Digital Health; Healthcare Policy; Equity; Community-Based Care; Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Maria Ahmed
creator: Dr. David Thompson
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-01-10
publication date: 2024-01-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 29

Integrative Approaches to Global Healthcare: Bridging Medicine, Technology, and Society
type: item
description: The evolving landscape of healthcare requires multidisciplinary integration to address complex global challenges. This paper explores how medicine, technology, and societal factors can be strategically bridged to enhance healthcare delivery, equity, and innovation. By examining current trends such as digital health solutions, precision medicine, and community-based healthcare models, the study highlights the necessity of collaboration among clinicians, researchers, technologists, and policymakers. Emphasis is placed on the role of artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and health informatics in advancing patient-centered care while ensuring ethical and equitable access across diverse populations. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of societal engagement, cultural sensitivity, and sustainable health policies to achieve long-term improvements in global health outcomes. The findings advocate for an integrative framework that unites scientific advancements with human-centered approaches, offering a holistic pathway toward resilient and inclusive healthcare systems worldwide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global Healthcare, Multidisciplinary Integration, Digital Health, Telemedicine, Precision Medicine, Health Policy, Patient-Centered Care, Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayesha Khan
creator: Dr. Jonathan Smith
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-01-10
publication date: 2024-01-10
starting page: 7
ending page: 16

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Patient Safety among Undergraduate Medical Students of IIMC
type: item
description: Even though the patient safety training is essential for minimizing avoidable harm, it is only occasionally included in undergraduate medical courses. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate final-year MBBS students at Islamabad Islamic Medical College (IIMC) about their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of patient safety To assess the expectations of healthcare professionals regarding patient care at working places. Methodology From January to March 2022, a cross-sectional survey was done at IIMC with 178 final-year MBBS students (response rate: 84.2%) using a validated, 25-item questionnaire modified from the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide. Ethical permission was obtained. SPSS v21 was used to analyze the data, which included descriptive statistics (frequency, mean) and inferential tests (chi-square, logistic regression). Results The majority of pupils showed a moderate understanding of patient safety principles. Perceptions of the institutional safety culture varied, even though views were generally positive, especially regarding teamwork and error disclosure. Many students voiced doubts about how to handle errors and have candid conversations about them. Increased comprehension and trust in putting safety procedures into practice were substantially correlated with clinical exposure. Conclusion There is a need for more structured, experiential learning opportunities to reinforce patient safety principles. Integrating simulation, case-based learning, and non-punitive error reporting systems into the curriculum can foster a more safety-oriented healthcare mindset among future physicians.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient safety, medical students, error reporting, clinical education, safety culture, IIMC, undergraduate medical curriculum
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Syed Ahmed Shafiq Bukhari1, Dr Iqra Mukhtar2, Dr Aqsa Rasool3, Dr Saleha Fatima4, Dr Saqib Sattar5, Dr Zaid Habib Qureshi6,
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-27
publication date: 2025-07-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

“Early Diagnosis of Blood Cancer Using Deep Learning: An Evaluation of CNN, SVM, and Random Forest”
type: item
description: Blood cancer is one of the most dangerous and fast-growing types of cancer, affecting people of all ages, especially children. Early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and improving survival rates. Traditional methods of detecting blood cancer—such as bone marrow tests and manual image analysis—are time-consuming, painful, and not always accurate. This research focuses on using artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning and machine learning techniques, to improve early detection of blood cancer through microscopic blood smear images. We evaluate and compare the performance of three widely used models: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Our approach includes image preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. CNNs were found to be the most effective, achieving up to 99.12% accuracy using ensemble models like DenseNet, Inception, and Xception. SVM and Random Forest also delivered strong results, especially when used with deep feature extraction techniques. The findings of this study show that AI-powered models can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of blood cancer diagnosis. This research not only supports the global healthcare goal of early cancer detection but also opens the door for developing smart, low-cost diagnostic tools that can be used in real-world clinical settings. Future work will focus on real- time applications, larger datasets, explainable AI, and integration into healthcare systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abdul Qayyum Waseem Khan1, Amir Ali2, Abdul Rehman3, Imran Arshad4, Mahad Shahid5
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-10
publication date: 2024-12-10
starting page: 161
ending page: 175

The ROI of Data Security: How Hospitals and Health Systems Can Turn Compliance into Competitive Advantage
type: item
description: With healthcare organizations increasingly becoming digital ecosystems, good data security practices have now become a must not just for regulatory compliance but also to realize long-term financial and strategic advantages. This article explains how health systems and hospitals can leverage AI-driven cybersecurity tools to repel cyber attacks, reduce financial exposures, and win patient trust. By examining real case studies, we demonstrate how investments in AI-based security models are translated into cost savings, improved operational efficiency, and competitive edge. We also discuss how predictive analytics, automated compliance monitoring, and real-time threat detection help to create institutional resilience. The study shows that proactive data security is not a compliance exercise but a strategic enabler for sustainable growth and innovation in the healthcare sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: AI-driven cybersecurity, data privacy, healthcare compliance, HIPAA, GDPR, patient trust, financial risk management, predictive analytics, automated compliance, cyber threat detection, competitive advantage
creator: Sabira Arefin
creator: Nushra Tul Zannat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-10
publication date: 2024-12-10
starting page: 139
ending page: 160

Factors related to cervical cancer in developing countries such as Pakistan
type: item
description: Abstract Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in developing countries, including Pakistan. Various factors contribute to its high incidence and mortality, primarily related to lack of awareness, limited access to healthcare services, and the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In Pakistan, the absence of a robust screening and vaccination program, coupled with socio-cultural factors such as limited education and healthcare accessibility, exacerbates the situation. HPV, which is the primary etiological agent for cervical cancer, is widespread in the country, with many women being diagnosed at advanced stages due to late presentation. The lack of early screening programs, like the Pap smear test, and low uptake of HPV vaccination further contribute to the disease burden. Additionally, poverty, low health literacy, and a lack of awareness about preventive measures, such as regular gynecological check-ups, significantly hinder early detection and treatment. Rural-urban disparities in healthcare infrastructure and societal stigma surrounding women’s health issues also play a crucial role in the delayed diagnosis. In light of these challenges, efforts to reduce cervical cancer rates in Pakistan require comprehensive interventions, including increasing public awareness, enhancing access to screening and vaccination services, and improving the quality of healthcare. Addressing these socio-economic and cultural barriers is crucial for the successful implementation of prevention and control measures, ultimately reducing cervical cancer mortality in the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: developing countries
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: HPV infection
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare access
  topic: keywords
subject: screening programs
  topic: keywords
subject: vaccination
  topic: keywords
subject: public awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-cultural factors
  topic: keywords
subject: early detection
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramish Qamar
creator: Dr Fauzia Anjum
creator: Dr Maria Jabeen
creator: Ammara Mujahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-09-10
publication date: 2024-09-10
starting page: 124
ending page: 138

A state-of-the-art review on thyroid problems, gastrointestinal and liver malfunction
type: item
description: Thyroid disorders, gastrointestinal (GI), and liver malfunctions are prevalent health concerns that often occur in conjunction, significantly affecting overall well-being. Thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, has been linked to a range of GI symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Moreover, thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating gastrointestinal motility and liver function, with both organ systems interlinked through complex metabolic pathways. Gastrointestinal disturbances can exacerbate thyroid issues, and vice versa, creating a challenging clinical scenario for diagnosis and management. Hepatic disorders, including fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatitis, are also common in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Altered thyroid hormone levels can influence liver enzyme activities, affecting detoxification processes and metabolic regulation. Furthermore, diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis have shown associations with altered thyroid function, complicating both disease progression and treatment outcomes. This review aims to comprehensively explore the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting thyroid problems with gastrointestinal and liver malfunctions. We examine the latest research on how thyroid dysfunction affects gut motility, liver enzyme activity, and overall digestive health. Furthermore, the bidirectional relationships between these systems are highlighted, with attention to the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, an integrated approach to managing patients with concurrent thyroid, gastrointestinal, and liver conditions is emphasized, aiming for improved clinical outcomes and quality of life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thyroid disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: gastrointestinal disturbances
  topic: keywords
subject: liver malfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: hypothyroidism
  topic: keywords
subject: hyperthyroidism
  topic: keywords
subject: fatty liver disease
  topic: keywords
subject: liver cirrhosis
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: digestive health
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramish Qamar
creator: Dr Maria Jabeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-05-10
publication date: 2024-05-10
starting page: 109
ending page: 123

Pancreatic Mixed Neuroendocrine Non Neuroendocrine Neoplasm, a rare malignancy, co-existing with Prostatic Carcinoma: A Case Report.
type: item
description: Mixed neuroendocrine non neuroendocrine neoplasms present a diagnostic challenge. They are heterogenous malignancies that occur primarily in the GI tract and are characterized as having at least 30% each of exocrine and e ndocrine component occurring at the same site. Mixed neuroendocrine non neuroendocrine neoplasms are difficult to recognize due to their specific diagnostic criteria; occur rarely, and are infrequently described i n literature. On ly 30 cases of this tumor occurring in the pancreas have been previously reported. Men with prostatic carcinoma have occasionally been found to develop a secondary primary tumor. However, Pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine non neuroendocrine neoplasm has not been previously reported in conjunction with prostate cancer. Herein, we report a case of an elderly male with preexisting advanced prostatic malignancy, found to have a pancreatic mixed neuroendocrine non neuroendocrine neoplasm, on an endoscopic biopsy sample.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr Ayesha Malik
creator: Dr Rafi Ud Din
creator: Dr Mahrosh Asif
creator: Dr Syed Salman Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-11-10
publication date: 2024-11-10
starting page: 102
ending page: 108

Integrating Telemedicine into Routine Healthcare Benefits and Challenges
type: item
description: Abstract: Telemedicine has emerged as a transformative approach to healthcare delivery, enabling remote consultations and diagnostics using digital platforms. Integrating telemedicine into routine healthcare systems offers numerous benefits, including improved access to healthcare services, reduced patient wait times, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to provide continuous care, especially for patients in underserved regions. However, the integration process presents several challenges, such as technology infrastructure barriers, regulatory issues, patient data security, and concerns around maintaining the quality of care. This paper explores the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of telemedicine into routine healthcare, considering its implications on patients, healthcare providers, and the healthcare ecosystem at large. The discussion highlights the need for effective policies and technological advancements to address the obstacles and enhance the potential of telemedicine in modern healthcare systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Telemedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare integration
  topic: keywords
subject: digital health
  topic: keywords
subject: remote consultations
  topic: keywords
subject: patient care
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare access
  topic: keywords
subject: health technology
  topic: keywords
subject: telehealth regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: patient data security
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hassan Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-10
publication date: 2024-10-10
starting page: 92
ending page: 101

Exploring Bioethics in Clinical Decision-Making: Balancing Autonomy and Care
type: item
description: Abstract: This paper explores the complex interplay of bioethics in clinical decision-making, particularly focusing on the balance between patient autonomy and the imperative of providing optimal care. In contemporary healthcare, respecting patient autonomy is a cornerstone principle, encapsulated in the notion that patients should have the right to make informed decisions about their own health. However, this ideal often encounters challenges in practice, especially in scenarios where patients may lack the capacity to make sound judgments, face cultural or psychological barriers, or when their choices conflict with medical recommendations. This paper examines various case studies, ethical frameworks, and existing literature to elucidate the tensions between patient autonomy and care obligations, while also considering the roles of healthcare professionals in mediating these conflicts. Ultimately, this study aims to propose strategies that can help clinicians navigate these ethical dilemmas, ensuring that patient autonomy is honored while maintaining a commitment to providing the best possible care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioethics
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: patient autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical dilemmas
  topic: keywords
subject: informed consent
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare professionals
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Ramish Qamar
creator: Tabish Hassan
creator: Shoaib
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-10
publication date: 2024-10-10
starting page: 83
ending page: 91

Evaluating Health Policy Changes: Impact on Access and Equity in Healthcare Systems
type: item
description: Abstract: Health policy changes play a critical role in shaping healthcare systems, influencing both access to services and equity among different populations. This paper evaluates the impact of recent health policy reforms, focusing on the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in the United States, the National Health Service (NHS) reforms in the United Kingdom, and similar initiatives globally. The analysis highlights the relationship between policy changes and healthcare access, particularly among marginalized communities. The study utilizes quantitative data on insurance coverage, healthcare utilization, and health outcomes, alongside qualitative insights from healthcare providers and patients. Findings suggest that while some policies have improved access to care, significant disparities persist, particularly for low-income and minority populations. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers to enhance equity in healthcare systems through targeted interventions, stakeholder engagement, and continuous monitoring of health disparities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Equity
  topic: keywords
subject: Affordable Care Act
  topic: keywords
subject: National Health Service
  topic: keywords
subject: Disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: Marginalized Communities
  topic: keywords
creator: Tabish Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-14
publication date: 2024-10-14
starting page: 75
ending page: 82

The Impact of Health Informatics on Patient Safety and Quality of Care
type: item
description: Abstract: Health informatics is rapidly transforming the landscape of healthcare delivery, significantly impacting patient safety and quality of care. This paper examines the integration of health informatics systems, such as electronic health records (EHRs), clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and telemedicine, and their roles in enhancing patient outcomes. Key benefits include improved communication among healthcare providers, increased accuracy in diagnoses and treatment plans, and the reduction of medical errors. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, the need for robust training, and potential technology-related disruptions also arise. This study emphasizes the importance of effectively implementing health informatics to create a safer and higher quality healthcare environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: patient safety
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of care
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic health records
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical decision support systems
  topic: keywords
subject: telemedicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hassan Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-10
publication date: 2024-10-10
starting page: 65
ending page: 74

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Clinical Medicine
type: item
description: Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of clinical medicine, particularly in diagnostic processes. This research examines how AI improves diagnostic accuracy by integrating vast datasets, enabling early detection, and minimizing human error. AI-driven technologies like machine learning algorithms and deep learning models have proven to outperform traditional diagnostic methods in specific areas, such as imaging and pattern recognition. However, integrating AI into routine clinical practice poses challenges, including data privacy concerns, ethical considerations, and the need for regulatory oversight. This paper explores the benefits, challenges, and future directions of AI in enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: medical imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Ramish Qamar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-10
publication date: 2024-10-10
starting page: 55
ending page: 64

Medical Education Innovations: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes
type: item
description: Abstract: The landscape of medical education is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, pedagogical theories, and a growing recognition of the importance of student engagement in enhancing learning outcomes. This paper examines innovative strategies that are transforming medical education, focusing on active learning techniques, digital tools, and inter-professional education. By integrating these approaches, educators can foster a more interactive and student-centered learning environment, improving knowledge retention and practical skills among medical students. Additionally, the study explores the impact of these innovations on students’ attitudes, motivation, and overall academic performance. The findings suggest that embracing educational innovations not only enhances engagement but also prepares future healthcare professionals to meet the demands of an increasingly complex healthcare landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: medical education
  topic: keywords
subject: student engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: learning outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: active learning
  topic: keywords
subject: inter-professional education
  topic: keywords
subject: digital tools
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hassan Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 91
ending page: 98

The Role of Community Health Workers in Promoting Health Equity
type: item
description: Abstract: Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in promoting health equity by bridging the gap between healthcare systems and underserved populations. This paper explores the multifaceted contributions of CHWs in addressing health disparities through community engagement, education, and advocacy. The effectiveness of CHWs in improving health outcomes is analyzed, emphasizing their cultural competence, relationship-building skills, and ability to navigate social determinants of health. This study also identifies challenges faced by CHWs, including funding limitations, training needs, and integration into healthcare systems. By understanding the role of CHWs, we can enhance strategies aimed at achieving health equity and improving population health outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community Health Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: health equity
  topic: keywords
subject: health disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: social determinants of health
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahir Shabeer
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 80
ending page: 90

Global Health Initiatives: Addressing Health Disparities in Low-Income Countries
type: item
description: Abstract: This paper examines global health initiatives aimed at reducing health disparities in low-income countries. Despite progress in global health, significant disparities persist in health outcomes, access to care, and resource allocation. Initiatives such as the Global Fund, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and the World Health Organization’s Universal Health Coverage (UHC) initiative have played crucial roles in addressing these disparities. This study reviews the effectiveness of these initiatives, their challenges, and the importance of a multi-faceted approach that includes government, non-governmental organizations, and local communities. By evaluating successes and identifying areas for improvement, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on equitable health access in low-income countries..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global health initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: health disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: low-income countries
  topic: keywords
subject: Universal Health Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Fund
  topic: keywords
subject: Gavi
  topic: keywords
subject: health equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hassan Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 71
ending page: 79

Sustainable Healthcare Practices: Environmental Impacts and Economic Implication
type: item
description: Abstract: Sustainable healthcare practices are increasingly recognized as vital for promoting environmental stewardship while ensuring economic viability in the healthcare sector. This paper explores the dual relationship between healthcare and environmental sustainability, analyzing how healthcare practices can minimize ecological footprints while enhancing patient care. Key themes include the adoption of green technologies, waste reduction strategies, and sustainable resource management within healthcare systems. Furthermore, the economic implications of these practices are examined, highlighting cost savings, improved public health outcomes, and long-term financial sustainability for healthcare organizations. By integrating sustainability into healthcare delivery, this study aims to provide insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on the pathways to creating a more resilient and environmentally responsible healthcare system..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ustainable healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: economic implications
  topic: keywords
subject: green technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: waste reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Sahar Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 62
ending page: 70

Assessing the Impact of Digital Health Technologies on Chronic Disease Management
type: item
description: The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases necessitates innovative approaches to their management. Digital health technologies (DHTs), including mobile health applications, telemedicine, and wearable devices, have emerged as pivotal tools in enhancing the management of chronic conditions. This paper examines the impact of DHTs on chronic disease management, focusing on their effectiveness in improving patient outcomes, enhancing healthcare accessibility, and facilitating patient engagement. Through a review of current literature and analysis of various DHT implementations, this study highlights both the benefits and challenges associated with integrating these technologies into healthcare systems. The findings indicate that while DHTs can significantly improve self-management and adherence to treatment plans, challenges such as digital literacy, privacy concerns, and health disparities must be addressed. This research underscores the importance of designing inclusive DHT solutions that cater to diverse patient populations and the need for ongoing evaluation of their effectiveness in clinical practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital health technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic disease management
  topic: keywords
subject: patient engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: telemedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile health applications
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare accessibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Ramish Qamar
creator: Dr Fauzia Anjum
creator: Raffi Ud Din
creator: Muhammad hassaan ijaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 53
ending page: 61

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Early Disease Detection: Transforming Diagnostics and Treatment
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming early disease detection by emulating human cognitive processes and leveraging vast datasets and advanced analytical techniques. This review explores the current state of AI applications in healthcare, focusing on its role in early disease detection and its potential to enhance diagnostic and treatment processes. AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, are employed to analyze both structured and unstructured data, leading to significant advancements in diagnosing conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. The review highlights how AI-driven tools, such as imaging analysis software and predictive models, improve diagnostic precision and reduce the need for invasive procedures. Additionally, AI supports the development of personalized treatment strategies by integrating genetic and clinical data, and tailoring interventions to individual patient needs. Despite these promising advancements, the review also addresses critical challenges associated with AI in early disease detection, including concerns about data privacy, the need for rigorous validation of AI models, and the risk of algorithmic biases. Overall, AI holds substantial potential to enhance early disease detection, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enable more personalized treatment plans, thereby transforming healthcare practices and patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Disease Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare, Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Imaging Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Language Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithmic Bias
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Precision
  topic: keywords
creator: Qamar Zaman
creator: Shoaib
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 43
ending page: 54

The Impact of Mobile Health Apps on Chronic Disease Management
type: item
description: The emergence of mobile health (mHealth) applications has significantly transformed the management of chronic diseases by offering innovative tools for real-time health monitoring and patient engagement. This review examines the impact of mHealth apps on chronic disease management, focusing on conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. These applications leverage advanced technologies to collect and analyze health data, provide personalized feedback, and facilitate remote monitoring, thus enabling more proactive and personalized care. mHealth apps have demonstrated notable benefits in chronic disease management, including improved adherence to treatment plans, enhanced self-management skills, and better health outcomes. Studies reveal that these applications can help patients track their symptoms, medication usage, and lifestyle factors, which in turn supports more informed and timely interventions by healthcare providers. For instance, diabetes management apps often feature glucose monitoring and insulin dosage calculators, while hypertension apps may include blood pressure tracking and medication reminders. Despite these advantages, the integration of mHealth apps into routine care faces several challenges. Data privacy and security remain significant concerns, as the sensitive health information collected by these apps must be protected against unauthorized access and breaches. Additionally, the usability and accessibility of mHealth apps can vary, potentially limiting their effectiveness for some users. Issues such as the digital divide also pose barriers, particularly for populations with limited access to smartphones or reliable internet. Overall, while mHealth apps offer promising solutions for enhancing chronic disease management, ongoing research and development are crucial to addressing their limitations and ensuring equitable access. Future studies should focus on refining app functionalities, improving user experience, and exploring strategie…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mobile Health Apps
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic Disease Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr SAIRA ASHRAF
creator: Muhammad Hassaan Ijaz
creator: Muhammad Qasim Siddique
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 33
ending page: 42

Patient-Centered Care Models: Success Stories and Challenges
type: item
description: Patient-centered care (PCC) has emerged as a transformative approach in healthcare, emphasizing the active involvement of patients in their own care and tailoring treatment to individual preferences, values, and needs. These abstract reviews successful implementations of PCC models and the challenges encountered in their application. Key examples include integrated care teams that collaborate across disciplines to ensure a holistic approach to patient management and the use of technology to enhance patient engagement and communication. Success stories highlight improvements in patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment plans, and overall health outcomes. For instance, the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model has demonstrated effectiveness in managing chronic diseases through coordinated care and personalized health plans. However, challenges such as resource constraints, resistance to change among healthcare providers, and difficulties in maintaining consistent patient engagement are prevalent. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive strategies including provider training, robust patient support systems, and the integration of patient feedback into care processes. The ongoing evolution of PCC models underscores the need for continued research and adaptation to overcome barriers and achieve the full potential of patient-centered approaches. Future directions involve leveraging data analytics to refine care delivery and enhance patient experience, while fostering a culture that prioritizes patient involvement at all levels of healthcare.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient-Centered Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Integrated Care Teams
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Home Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic Disease Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Imran Abdullah
creator: Dr. Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 24
ending page: 32

Patient Safety and Quality Improvement: Reducing Medical Errors in Healthcare
type: item
description: Patient safety and quality improvement have become critical areas of focus in healthcare, particularly in reducing medical errors, which remain a significant challenge globally. Medical errors, ranging from medication mishaps to surgical complications, contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate these risks. This abstract discusses the current landscape of patient safety, emphasizing the importance of a systematic approach to reducing medical errors. The implementation of evidence-based practices, robust reporting systems, and a culture of safety within healthcare organizations are essential components in this endeavor. Technological innovations, such as electronic health records (EHRs) and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, have demonstrated potential in minimizing errors, though their success is contingent on proper integration and user training. Additionally, the role of healthcare professionals in maintaining vigilance, adhering to protocols, and engaging in continuous education is highlighted as a cornerstone of quality improvement. The abstract also examines the significance of interprofessional collaboration in creating a cohesive and supportive environment that prioritizes patient safety. Finally, it explores the challenges faced in implementing these strategies, including resistance to change, resource limitations, and the need for ongoing evaluation to ensure sustained improvements. As healthcare continues to evolve, a proactive and adaptive approach to patient safety and quality improvement is imperative to reducing medical errors and enhancing patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Patient safety
  topic: keywords
subject: quality improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: medical errors
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: evidence-based practices
  topic: keywords
subject: electronic health records (EHRs)
  topic: keywords
subject: computerized physician order entry (CPOE)
  topic: keywords
subject: interprofessional collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Fauzia Anjum
creator: Brigadier Raffi Ud Din
creator: Dr SAIRA ASHRAF
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 13
ending page: 23

Integrating Mental Health Service in Primary Care: Challenges and Opportunities
type: item
description: The integration of mental health services into primary care settings has emerged as a pivotal strategy to address the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders and enhance overall patient outcomes. This approach aims to bridge the divide between mental health and primary care services, offering a more comprehensive and accessible model of care. However, the process of integration is fraught with challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed to ensure effective implementation. The challenges include the necessity for robust interdisciplinary collaboration, which involves breaking down professional silos and establishing effective communication channels between primary care providers and mental health specialists. Logistical issues, such as resource allocation, provider training, and the development of coherent integrated care protocols, also pose significant hurdles. Additionally, financial constraints and reimbursement policies can impede the sustainability of integrated care models, making it difficult to maintain long-term integration efforts. Despite these challenges, integrating mental health services within primary care settings presents substantial opportunities for enhancing patient care. This model provides a more holistic approach, addressing both physical and psychological health needs concurrently. It can lead to better patient engagement, earlier detection of mental health issues, and a decrease in the stigma associated with seeking mental health care. Moreover, integrated care has the potential to generate cost savings by reducing the reliance on specialty referrals and hospitalizations, thus optimizing the use of healthcare resources. The following discussion contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving mental health care delivery by examining the complexities involved in integration and highlighting effective strategies and best practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mental Health Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Interdisciplinary Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: Provider Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: Reimbursement Policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost Savings
  topic: keywords
creator: Qamar Zaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-10
publication date: 2024-06-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 12